جراحی اعصاب در تاریخ ایران

عنوان انگليسی

Neurological surgery In the History of Iran

خلاصه انگلیسی

Background: Looking at the medical history of Iran, there were pioneer physicians in different historical eras who had registered indelible works in the field of neurological surgery. Methods: The 1950s were the decade of modern neurosurgery initiation. Before that, the general surgeons had to deal with neurosurgical emergencies besides other trauma operations. Results: The Islamic golden age has seen effective scientists in the field of medicine. Among those, Rhazes (865-925 AD), and Avicenna (980-1036 AD) were the most known characters who introduced innovative surgical methods. However, mostly inspired by Galen and Hippocrates' thoughts. Razes introduced the animal gut as a surgical ligature and the first to recognize the pupil's reaction to light. Avicenna in his famous book, the Canon of Medicine described trigeminal neuralgia, meningitis, hydrocephalus, and traumas to the head and spinal cord devoting separate chapters to each subject. In the chapter of ‘Head fractures’, he recommends a specific cranial incision to prevent damage to eyelid nerves as follows: When the surgeon chooses to make an incision should cut right across the different little and bigger folds of the skin of the forehead, knowing that an entry point along the folds would separate the muscles and cause drooping of the eyelids. Similar care must be taken in the case of muscular fibers incision. For treating cranial fractures and evacuating broken pieces, he recommended a postoperative dressing, composed of vinegar with honey or Rosa x Damascena oil. The antiquity of neurosurgery in Iran refers to older ages. A group burial was found in an archeological excavation of Burnt City in Sistan province in 1977. One skeleton belonged to a 13-year-old girl who had a triangular perforation in the right parietal area. Conclusion: This indicated cranial trephination was a common surgical procedure in the Iran of 5000 years ago.

Document Downloads