اپی ژنتیک

Title

Epigenetics

English Abstract

DNA Methylation •DNA methylation in the mammalian genome refers to the methylation of cytosine (5-methyl-cytosine, m5C) within a CpG dinucleotide. • CpG is a palindromic sequence, and typically the cytosines in both strands are methylated. •It is estimated that approximately 80% of C residues within CpG dinucleotides are methylated. •As m5C can undergo spontaneous deamination to thymine, methylated CpG dinucleotides are hot spots for mutation and are slowly eliminated during evolution. Therefore, in large parts of the mammalian genome, CpG dinucleotides occur at a much lower frequency than expected from the relative frequency of C and G residues. 2

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