بررسي شاخصهاي آنتروپومتريک در کودکان پيش دبستاني و ارتباط آن با برخي فاکتورهاي دموگرافيک و اقتصادي – اجتماعي در شهر اردبيل

خلاصه فارسی

مقدمه : نظارت بر رشد جسمي كودكان در سنين مدرسه براي ارزيابي وضعيت تغذيه اي ، سلامتي و يادگيري كودكان مهم است . هدف اين مطالعه تعيين قد و وزن كودكان پيش دبستاني شهر اردبيل و ارتباط وضعيت تغذيه با وزن هنگام تولد ، برخي فاكتورهاي دموگرافيك و وضعيت اقتصادي- اجتماعي بود. روش تحقيق : اين مطالعه توصيفي بر روي 350 دختر و پسر سالم در مراكز پيش دبستاني شهر اردبيل انجام شد و توسط پرسشنامه داده هاي مربوط به قد ، وزن و فاكتورهاي اقتصادي – اجتماعي جمع آوري و با استفاده از روشهاي آماري آزمون تي، آنوا و پيرسون تحليل شد . صدكهاي قد ، وزن و BMI دختران و پسران محاسبه و با يكديگر و استاندارد NCHS مقايسه شد . كم وزني ، كوتاهي قد و لاغري با معيارهاي گومز و واترلو محاسبه گرديد . نتايج : ميانگين قد ، وزن و BMI پسران به ترتيب 94/4 ±51/117 سانتي متر ، 74/3±46/21 كيلوگرم ،Kg/m2 90/1±46/15 و دختران 24/5±1/116 ، 63/3±58/20 و 79/1±17/15 بود و تفاوت ، معني دار بود (05/0P < ) و از همسالان خود در NCHS كمتر بودند . صدكهاي قد ، وزن و BMI پسران از دختران بيشتر بوده و از كودكان NCHS كمتر بودند . سوءتغذيه از نظر كم وزني ، نوع شديد وجود نداشت و نوع متوسط 8 % و خفيف 32% بود . كوتاهي قد شديد وجود نداشت و نوع متوسط 1 % و خفيف 17% بود . لاغري شديد 3/0% ، متوسط 71/1% و خفيف 85/24% بود . از نظرBMI براي سن 4 %در خطر و 2% داراي اضافه وزن بودند . بين وزن هنگام تولد و قد ، وزن و BMI رابطه مستقيم وجود داشت . از نظر درآمد خانوار ، وضعيت محل سكونت فقط براي قد تفاوت ، معني دار بود . رتبه تولد ، شاغل بودن و تحصيلات مادر ارتباطي با وزن ، قد و BMI كنوني نداشت . از نظر دسترسي به مراكز بهداشتي در مورد وزن وBMI تفاوت معني دار بود . نتيجه گيري : با توجه به نتايج بدست آمده و نبود سوءتغديه جدي در كودكان 6 ساله به نظر ميرسد كه وضعيت رشد در كودكان پيش دبستاني اردبيل گر چه با استاندارد جهاني فاصله دارد ولي قابل قبول است . وضعيت پره ناتال تأثير مستقيمي در رشد آينده كودك دارد ، وضعيت اقتصادي بر رشد دراز مدت تأثير داشته است.

عنوان انگليسی

Survey of anthropometric indices and association with some demographic and socioeconomic factors in preschool children in Ardabil city

خلاصه انگلیسی

Introduction: Supervising the physical growth during the school age in order to evaluate children’s nutritional condition, and their health and learning status is important. The objective of this study is to determine preschool children’s height and weight along with their nutritional condition, birth weight, socioeconomic status and some demographic factors in Ardabil city. Materials & Methods : This descriptive study was done on 350 healthy girls and boys in preschool centers of Ardabil city and the data regarding to height, weight and socioeconomic factors, collected by questionnaires, were analyzed with statistical methods such as T-test, One-way ANOVA and Pearson Correlation. Height, weight and BMI percentiles in girls and boys were calculated and compared with each other and also with NCHS standards. Underweight, stunting (short stature) and wasting were calculated by Gomez and Waterlow classifications. Results : Mean values for height, weight and BMI in boys were 117.5±4.94, 21.65±3.74 and 15.46±1.90, and in girls were 116.10±5.24, 20.58±3.63 and 15.17±1.79 respectively, the difference was significant (P<0.05) and was lower than NCHS standards for the same age. Height, weight and BMI percentiles in boys were higher than the ones in girls but (both) were lower compare to the children of NCHS. There was not any severe underweight kind of malnutrition. The moderate one was 8% and the mild one was 32%. There was not any severe stunting (short stature), the moderate one was 1% and the mild one was 17%. Severe wasting was 0.3%, the moderate one was 1.71% and the mild one was 24.85. Regarding to the BMI for the age, 2% were overweight and 4% were at risk (of being overweight). There was significant association among birth weight and height, weight and BMI. There was only a significant difference for height with regard to the household income and residence status. Birth ranking, mother’s education and employment had no significant association with recent height, weight and BMI (P>0.05). There was a significant difference for weight and BMI regarding to health care availability. Conclusions: Based on the results and lack of severe malnutrition in 6 year-old children it seems that the growth status in preschool children in Ardabil is acceptable although it is not the same as world’s standards. Prenatal condition seems to affect child’s future growth directly, and economic status affects the long term growth.

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